![]() Gastrointestinal polyps are treated according to guidelines for juvenile polyposis syndrome. Cerebral AVMs are treated as indicated by size, location, or symptoms: by surgery, embolotherapy, and/or stereotactic radiosurgery. Symptomatic hepatic AVMs are managed medically liver transplantation is recommended for individuals who do not respond to medical therapy and who develop high-output heart failure. Treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension as per cardiologist, pulmonologist, and other relevant specialists. This may include an air filter when available and compatible with the medication being administered. When pulmonary shunting is present, use antibiotic prophylaxis for dental and non-sterile invasive procedures, taking care to prevent air bubbles from being introduced in intravenous lines. Pulmonary AVMs with a feeding vessel 1-2 mm or greater in diameter typically require occlusion for stroke prevention. ![]() GI bleeding and anemia is treated with iron replacement therapy and (if needed) blood transfusions and antiangiogenic agents.
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